Military Sexual Trauma (MST) / Sexual Assault
“Military Sexual Trauma” (MST) is a term used by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). It covers sexual assault or threatening sexual harassment during military service, including unwanted sexual advances, pressure/coercion, assault when unable to consent, etc.
Reports in FY2024
In fiscal year 2024, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) received 8,195 reports of sexual assault involving service members (victims or subjects). This was a ~4% decrease from FY2023. However, surveys suggest the true prevalence is much higher, since many incidents go unreported. For example, independent studies estimate tens of thousands more cases than are reported officially.
Prevalence Among Veterans
Among veterans who receive VA health care, about 1 in 3 women and 1 in 50 men report having experienced MST.
Mental Health in Military & Veterans
PTSD prevalence among veterans is significantly higher than among the general U.S. population. VA data shows ~7% of all veterans have had PTSD at some point in their lives vs ~6% of civilians.
Veterans are also at elevated risk for depression, anxiety, substance use disorders, and co-occurring conditions.
Access and utilization of mental health services are challenging. For example, among veterans who have mental health needs: a significant portion do not perceive a need, or perceive barriers (availability, stigma, etc.).
Impacts & Risk Factors
- MST and sexual assault are associated with increased risk of PTSD, depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, substance use, feelings of isolation, trust issues, self-esteem issues, difficulties in relationships, etc.
- Younger age, lower rank, non-married status, lower education tend to correlate with higher risk of MST or sexual assault.
- MST itself is a trauma that often compounds other traumas (combat exposure, prior trauma, etc.)
Coping & Recovery: What Helps
Peer Support & Groups
Peer support and group programs are another valuable tool. Being able to connect with others who have gone through similar experiences helps reduce feelings of isolation, provides validation, and allows survivors to learn coping strategies from one another. Many veterans find strength in MST support groups or peer mentoring programs.
Medical & Psychiatric Treatment
Medical and psychiatric treatment may also play an important role. For some, medications can ease symptoms of depression, anxiety, or PTSD. Accessing coordinated medical and mental health care ensures both physical and psychological needs are addressed together.
Lifestyle & Self-Care
Lifestyle and self-care practices are simple but powerful. Regular exercise, balanced nutrition, good sleep, and stress-management strategies like mindfulness, grounding, or relaxation exercises all help build resilience and lower overall stress.
Support Networks
Building a support network is critical for long-term healing. Friends, family, and trusted individuals provide emotional support and connection, while community involvement and meaningful activities foster a sense of belonging and purpose.
Reporting & Advocacy
Reporting and advocacy options are also available to survivors. Having the choice to file restricted or unrestricted reports gives service members more control. Seeking help through the VA or military resources ensures survivors know they are not alone and that confidential services are available.